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Objective:To investigate the medical students' general understanding of online teaching and online learning of medical courses during the COVID-19 epidemic, and to analyze the satisfaction with online medical curriculum and its influencing factors.Methods:A total of 188 medical students in Xiangya School of Medicine of Central South University were investigated anonymously with a self-designed questionnaire. SPSS 26.0 was used for analyzing the relevant data, t test or variance analysis was conducted for coparison between groups, with test level α= 0.05. Results:The 88.83% (167) of the students believed that online teaching was much necessary, and the greatest advantage of online teaching was that they could arrange their learning time freely. However, 59.57%(112) of the students thought that the learning consciousness was reduced, and 49.47% (93) of the teachers were inadaptable to the change of teaching platform and 59.57% (112) teachers could not adapt to the change of teaching may be the main reasons affecting the teaching quality.Conclusion:Students have a high degree of acceptance of online teaching during the epidemic, but there are some problems such as decreased self-discipline, insufficient interaction between teachers and students, dissatisfaction with the construction of online course platform, inability to visit the laboratory and practice in the hospital, and so on. The investigation is still helpful to revise the medical education model in the post-epidemic period and the future. Our results suggest that the combination of online and offline teaching mode can be adopted in medical theory class and PBL discussion class, and at the same time, the construction of online learning resources for clinical practice and medical experiments should be strengthened.
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Based on the teaching advantages of "Internet +", we integrated the ATDE(asking, thinking, doing, evaluation) teaching model to explore the online teaching mode of neurology during the COVID-19 epidemic, and chose the ischemic cerebrovascular disease as a representative case of specific neurological diseases. The practical ATDE teaching in the teaching of neurology was elaborated by introducing, inspiring doubt, setting suspense, and raising questions, and leading students gradually to think deeply. Finally, the innovation and thinking of the online teaching of neurology brought by "Internet +ATDE" teaching model are discussed.
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Objective:To investigate the medical students' general understanding of online teaching and online learning of medical courses during the COVID-19 epidemic, and to analyze the satisfaction with online medical curriculum and its influencing factors.Methods:A total of 188 medical students in Xiangya School of Medicineof Central South University were investigated anonymously with a self-designed questionnaire. SPSS 26.0 was used for analyzing the relevant data, t test or variance analysis was conducted fro coparison between groups. The data was described with rate and there was a significant difference when P<0.05.Results:The 88.83% of the students believed that online teaching was much necessary, and the greatest advantage of online teaching was that they could arrange their learning time freely. However, 59.57% of the students thought that the learning consciousness was reduced, and inadaptability to the change of teaching platform (49.47%) and teaching mode of teachers (59.57%) may be the main reasons affecting the teaching quality.Conclusion:Students have a high degree of acceptance of online teaching during the epidemic, but there are some problems such as decreased self-discipline, insufficient interaction between teachers and students, dissatisfaction with the construction of online course platform, inability to visit the laboratory and practice in the hospital, and so on. The investigation is still helpful to revise the medical education model in the post-epidemic period and the future. Our results suggest that the combination of online and offline teaching mode can be adopted in medical theory class and PBL discussion class, and at the same time, the construction of online learning resources for clinical practice and medical experiments should be strengthened.
ABSTRACT
Based on the teaching advantages of "Internet +", we integrated the ATDE teaching model to explore the online teaching mode of neurology during the COVID-19 epidemic, and chose the ischemic cerebrovascular disease as a representative case of specific neurological diseases. The practical ATDE teaching in the teaching of neurology was elaborated by introducing, inspiring doubt, setting suspense, and raising questions, and leading students gradually to think deeply. Finally, the innovation and thinking of the online teaching of neurology brought by "Internet+ATDE" teaching model are discussed.
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To investigate the clinical features, auxiliary examination and characteristics for anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis and its concomitant seizure. Methods: A total of 20 patients diagnosed as anti-NMDAR encephalitis were enrolled from January 2016 to September 2018 in Xiangya Hospital. The data including the clinical features, auxiliary examination, characteristics of seizure, treatment and prognosis were collected. The discharged patients were followed up for half a year. Results: The initial symptom in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis were mainly psychiatric symptom and seizure. Most of the EEG result were diffused slow waves. The mainly type of seizure in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis showed generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Patients occurred consciousness during the onset of the disease. MRI showed that patients with temporal lobe were more inclined to occur seizure than patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis (P<0.05). After standardized treatment, 20 patients showed a significant improvement in modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores and the seizure was under control within half a year. Conclusion: Patients with temporal lobe affected in MRI should pay attention to the possibility of seizure occurrence. Anti-epileptic drugs and immunotherapy should be used promptly in patient with seizure. After standardized treatment, the prognosis of patients will be mostly good.
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Humans , Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis , Immunotherapy , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate , SeizuresABSTRACT
Objective:To study the effects of various extracts of Tongkat Ali on uric acid excretion and renal function in rats with hyperuricemia. Methods:Totally 60 male Wistar rats were equally divided into the blank group,the model group,the positive control group,chloroform group,ethyl acetate group and n-butanol group. The rats were fed with yeast extract,adenine and potassium oxonate to make the model of hyperuricemia. After the animal model was made successfully,the other groups continued to give the modeling a-gent except for the blank group,and the other groups were given the corresponding medicine except for the model group after giving the modeling agent for one hour. After the model agent was given for 14 days,the levels of uric acid(UA),urea nitrogen(UN) and cre-atinine (Cr) in serum and urine and the activity of xanthine oxidase (XOD) in serum and liver were measured. Results: Compared with those in the model group,the levels of uric acid in chloroform group and n-butanol group were significantly lower than those in the model group (P<0.05),besides,the levels of uric acid and creatinine in urine in chloroform group and n-butanol group significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with that in the model group,the XOD activity of chloroform group and n-butanol group significantly decreased (P<0.01). Compared with those in the positive control group,the levels of UA,Cr and UN in serum and urine and the ac-tivity of XOD in serum and liver in chloroform group, ethyl acetate group and n-butanol group had no significant differences (P >0.05). The levels of UA,Cr and UN in serum and urine and the activity of XOD in serum and liver in chloroform group,ethyl acetate group and n-butanol group had no significant differences (P>0.05). Conclusion: The chloroform extract and n-butanol extract in Tongkat Ali can reduce the serum level of uric acid in rats with hyperuricemia induced by adenine, yeast extract and potassium ox-onate,and the function may be related with the activity inhibition of xanthine oxidase.
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Objective To analyze computed tomography imaging features of primary adrenal schwannoma.Methods The clinical and radiological data of six cases of adrenal schwannoma confirmed by histopathology were analyzed in this study.Results All six cases of adrenal schwannoma were well-circumscribed,round-like or oval-like,solid and cystic tumors,in which two cases were with calcification,and three cases with septations.On the enhanced CT images,all six tumors displayed progressive enhancement.Conclusion Adrenal schwannoma usually presents a well-defined heterogeneous mass with cystic degeneration,sepations,calcification and characteristic progressive contrast enhancement.
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Objective To investigate the roles of somatostatin(SS)positive intemeurons in the development and compensation of temporal lobe epilepsy.Methods Piloearpine-induced epilepsy rat model was established.Immunohistochemistry method was used to detect number changes and axonal sprouting of SS positive intemeurons in different domains of the hippocampus at difierent time points.Degeneration of SS positive interneurons and their neurophils were detected by the double immunofluorescence staining with SS and Fluoro-Jade B(FJB)at 7 and 60 days after status epilepticus (SE).Results In the exoerimental rat group,the number of SS positive neurons decreased in each hippocampal domain,and it reached the lowest at 7 days post-SE(There were 11.1±3.3 in hilus,2.8±0.9 in CA1region and 1.8±0.7 in CA1region,t=13.519,9.644 and 8.808,all P<0.01).In chronic phase,the number of SS neurons gradually recovered,and exceeded the control group in CA1 area at 60 days post-SE(12.8±1.5 vs 8.8±1.3,t=-4.506,P<0.01),however,the number of SS neurons in the hilus(25.5±4.6)and CA1 area(4.8±0.8)remained significantly less than normal levels(t value were 4.691 and 3.953.both P<0.01).Increased SS positive fibers were found in the lacunosum-molecular (1m)layer and outer molecular layer of dentate gyrus after 30 days post-SE,and numerous SS positive fibers were seen threnghout the layers of area CA1 at 60 days post-SE.Double immunofluuorescence revealed that a few SS positive interneurons and fibers were also labeled by FJB in area CA1 at 7 days post-SE and in CA domain/hilus at 60 days post-SE.Conclusions SS intemeurons loss plays an important role in the development of temporal lobe epilepsy.The loss is partially caIlsed by the degeneration and death of neurons;SS positive neurophils increase within area CA1 in chronic phase may play a significant role in the generation and compensation of temporal lobe epilepsy.
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Objective To investigate the preventive effects of curcumin for status epilepticus(SE) induced by lithium chloride-pilocarpine.Methods Totally 45 Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups: preventive group(n=15),non-preventive group(n=15),and control group(n=15).The latency peroid and incidence of SE were recorded.The surviving neurons were stained by using nissl staining,and the programme death cells were detected by using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL) in hippocampal CA3.Results The SE incidence of preventive group was 66.7%,which was significantly lower than that of non-preventive group(P0.05).Conclusion Pretreatment of curcumin can prevent the SE induced by lithium chloride-pilocarpine and the pretreatment can not protect the neuron.
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Objective To develop an approach for a rapid extraction of genomic DNA fragments from serum.Methods Serum specimen from human was processed using high temperature denaturation and was centrifuged, then using various primer sets to amplify the DNA fragment extracted, so as to verify the efficiency of this DNA extraction method.Results The templates preparing from this DNA extraction method were able to guarantee the amplification of fragments shorter than 400 base pairs.Conclusion This method is simple, rapid and inexpensive.These genomic DNA fragment extracted can be utilized to amplify definite DNA template for polymerase chain reaction.
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AIM: G protein-coupled inwardly rectifier potassium (GIRK) channel are distributed widely in mammalian brain. In CNS, GIRK 1/2 seems to be the predominant heterotetramers which play a pivot role in the regulation of the excitability of neurons and may contribute to the resting potential by leading to a hyperpolarization of membrane potential and reduction of the action potential frequency. In the context, the Weaver mouse is the first neurological abnormality directly linked to a genetic point mutation in the GIRK2 protein which includes spontaneous seizure. GIRK2 knock out mice showed normal development but more susceptible than normal mice to seizure induced by GABA antagonist. Here, we report that the mRNA and protein expression of GIRK subunit 2 is altered in kainic acid(KA)-induced epileptic rat hippocampus. METHODS: Rats were injected with kainate 14 mg/kg intraperitoneally to establish an acute and chronic temporal lobe epilepsy model. At chronic spontaneous seizure stage, by using of in situ hybridization, immunocytochemistry and Western blotting, the GIRK 1,2 mRNA and protein were analyzed quantitatively in the dentate gyreus, CA1, CA3 regions of hippocampus. RESULTS: GIRK1,2 mRNA and proteins were expressed abundantly in all regions of hippocampus. KA induced seizures and caused a significant increase in GIRK2 mRNA abundance and immunoreacitivity; only GIRK1 mRNA was increased significantly, but no difference was found by Western blotting protocol. CONCLUSION: GIRK1,2 mRNA and protein expression in the hippocampus of epileptic rat brain is up-regulated, which may be an adaptive response to over-excitability of neuron networks and prevent the over-excitability spread in hippocampus (DG-CA3-CA1). [